{"id":3899,"date":"2026-07-17T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/teras-cati-yalitimi\/"},"modified":"2026-07-17T10:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T10:00:00","slug":"teras-cati-yalitimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/teras-cati-yalitimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Teras \u00c7at\u0131 Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: S\u0131cak Teras m\u0131 Ters Teras m\u0131? Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc ve XPS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Teras \u00e7at\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, d\u00fcz ya da az e\u011fimli \u00e7at\u0131larda \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ile su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir katman s\u0131ras\u0131yla birlikte uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki temel sistem vard\u0131r: s\u0131cak terasta \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r ve ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar; ters terasta \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne gelir ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su emmeli XPS kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teras \u00e7at\u0131, binan\u0131n ya\u011fmura, kara, g\u00fcne\u015fe ve dona en a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fczeyidir; alttaki mek\u00e2nlardan y\u00fckselen su buhar\u0131 da bu katmanlara ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden levhan\u0131n konumu, su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc, e\u011fim ve parapet detaylar\u0131 birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Is\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise TS 825<\/a> esasl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m projesinde hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hangi teras sisteminde hangi yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

S\u0131cak (geleneksel) terasta ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131, ters terasta ise XPS d\u00fcz levha kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Se\u00e7imi belirleyen, \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re nerede durdu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak terasta \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda, kuru tarafta kal\u0131r. Levhadan \u00fcst\u00fcndeki katmanlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yacak rijitlik ve teras\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na uygun basma dayan\u0131m\u0131 beklenir. Mega’n\u0131n ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc esasl\u0131 terrace roof panel<\/a> 30, 40, 50, 60 ve 70 kPa tipleriyle sunulur; teknik f\u00f6y\u00fcne g\u00f6re yang\u0131na tepki s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 A1’dir. Malzemenin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f y\u00fcn\u00fc nedir<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131nda anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Ters terasta s\u0131ra de\u011fi\u015fir: su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6\u015femeye yak\u0131n durur, \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m levhas\u0131 onun \u00fcst\u00fcne serilir ve ya\u011fmur suyuyla \u0131slan\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden kapal\u0131 h\u00fccreli, su emmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir malzeme gerekir. Mega XPS d\u00fcz levha<\/a> (ekstr\u00fcde polistiren) i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn sayfas\u0131 teras \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131 ilk kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 olarak sayar; MEGA XPS T1500\u2013T3000 teknik f\u00f6ylerinde tamamen dald\u0131rmayla uzun s\u00fcreli su emmesi en fazla %0,7’dir. Genel \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in XPS nedir<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak teras ile ters teras aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h2>\n

\u0130ki sistemi ay\u0131ran \u015fey, su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde mi alt\u0131nda m\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu fark buhar kesici ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131, levha t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve koruma katman\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak terasta su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 en \u00fcstte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onu g\u00fcne\u015ften ve mekanik etkilerden koruyacak bir katman gerekir; i\u00e7 mek\u00e2ndan gelen buhar yal\u0131t\u0131mda yo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131n diye levhan\u0131n alt\u0131na buhar kesici serilir. Ters terasta su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 levhan\u0131n alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r ve ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131nlara, mekanik hasara ve \u0131s\u0131l gerilmelere kar\u015f\u0131 korunur. Ekinci ve Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m’\u0131n teras \u00e7at\u0131lar \u00fczerine yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re bu d\u00fczende buhar kesici ve buhar dengeleyici tabakaya ihtiya\u00e7 yoktur.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak teras katman s\u0131ras\u0131<\/h3>\n

Klasik s\u0131cak teras \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde katmanlar alttan \u00fcste \u015fu s\u0131rayla dizilir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Betonarme d\u00f6\u015feme<\/li>\n
  2. Gidere do\u011fru e\u011fim verilmi\u015f e\u011fim betonu<\/li>\n
  3. Astar<\/li>\n
  4. Buhar kesici<\/li>\n
  5. Is\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131<\/li>\n
  6. Buhar dengeleyici<\/li>\n
  7. Su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 katmanlar\u0131<\/li>\n
  8. Teras\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilen koruma katman\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"Mega
    Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131, s\u0131cak terasta su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Ters teras katman s\u0131ras\u0131<\/h3>\n

    Ters \u00e7at\u0131 ad\u0131yla da bilinen ters terasta katmanlar alttan \u00fcste \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Betonarme d\u00f6\u015feme<\/li>\n
    2. E\u011fim betonu<\/li>\n
    3. Astar<\/li>\n
    4. Su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 katmanlar\u0131<\/li>\n
    5. Is\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: XPS d\u00fcz levha<\/li>\n
    6. Koruma katman\u0131: gezilmeyen terasta yuvarlak \u00e7ak\u0131l, gezilen terasta ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir tabaka \u00fczerine d\u00f6\u015feme kaplamas\u0131 ya da plastik ayaklar \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f prekast plaklar<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Koruma katman\u0131 XPS levhalar\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015ften ve mekanik etkilerden korur. Mega XPS teknik f\u00f6yleri de levhalar\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n

      \"Teras
      XPS d\u00fcz levhan\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndan teras \u00e7at\u0131 ve toprakla temas eden temel, \u00e7izimde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Basma dayan\u0131m\u0131: kPa de\u011feri neye g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilir?<\/h2>\n

      Basma dayan\u0131m\u0131, teras\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcke g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilir. Yaln\u0131zca bak\u0131m i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan bir teras ile gezilebilir ya da saks\u0131 ve ekipman ta\u015f\u0131yan bir teras ayn\u0131 levhay\u0131 gerektirmez; kesin de\u011feri proje m\u00fchendisi belirler.<\/p>\n

      Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerinde basma dayan\u0131m\u0131 CS(10\/Y) simgesiyle ve kPa birimiyle verilir. Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f tipi vard\u0131r ve kal\u0131nl\u0131k se\u00e7enekleri tipe g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Tip<\/th>\nBasma dayan\u0131m\u0131 CS(10\/Y)<\/th>\nKal\u0131nl\u0131k se\u00e7enekleri (mm)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      30 kPa<\/td>\nen az 30 kPa<\/td>\n40, 50, 60, 80, 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      40 kPa<\/td>\nen az 40 kPa<\/td>\n40, 50, 60, 80, 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      50 kPa<\/td>\nen az 50 kPa<\/td>\n50, 60, 80, 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      60 kPa<\/td>\nen az 60 kPa<\/td>\n60, 80, 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      70 kPa<\/td>\nen az 70 kPa<\/td>\n80, 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Kaynak: Mega Teras \u00c7at\u0131 Levhas\u0131 30\u201370 kPa teknik f\u00f6yleri. T\u00fcm tiplerde ebat 1200 x 600 mm, \u03bbD en fazla 0,039 W\/mK, y\u00fczeye dik \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 en az 10 kPa’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Tablo, se\u00e7imle ilgili bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor: y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 tiplerin kal\u0131nl\u0131k se\u00e7enekleri daha dard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 70 kPa tipi yaln\u0131zca 80 ve 100 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131kta sunulur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m projesinden, dayan\u0131m ise y\u00fck hesab\u0131ndan gelir; ikisini birlikte kar\u015f\u0131layan tip se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

      Ters terasta kullan\u0131lan XPS levhalar daha y\u00fcksek bir aral\u0131ktad\u0131r. Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerine g\u00f6re basma dayan\u0131m\u0131 MEGA XPS T1500’de 150 kPa, T2000’de 200 kPa, T2500’de 250 kPa ve T3000’de 300 kPa’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Teras \u00e7at\u0131da ta\u015f y\u00fcn\u00fc ve XPS nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

      Teras \u00e7at\u0131da ta\u015f y\u00fcn\u00fc ile XPS farkl\u0131 katman d\u00fczenlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r: ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda, XPS ise \u00fcst\u00fcnde. Bu y\u00fczden iki malzeme, kurulacak sistemle birlikte kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Tablodaki de\u011ferler Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Feature<\/th>\nTa\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131<\/th>\nXPS d\u00fcz levha<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Teras sistemi<\/td>\nS\u0131cak teras, su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda<\/td>\nTers teras, su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00dcr\u00fcn standard\u0131<\/td>\nTS EN 13162+A1<\/td>\nTS EN 13164+A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Basma dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\nen az 30 \/ 40 \/ 50 \/ 60 \/ 70 kPa<\/td>\n150 \/ 200 \/ 250 \/ 300 kPa (T1500\u2013T3000)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Is\u0131l iletkenlik beyan de\u011feri \u03bbD<\/td>\n\u22640,039 W\/mK<\/td>\n0,035 W\/mK (T1500, T2000, T3000); 0,036 W\/mK (T2500)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kal\u0131nl\u0131k<\/td>\n40\u2013100 mm (tipe g\u00f6re)<\/td>\n20\u201380 mm (T1500, T2000); 20\u2013120 mm (T2500, T3000)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Su emmesi<\/td>\nK\u0131sa s\u00fcreli WS \u22641 kg\/m\u00b2; uzun s\u00fcreli WL(P) \u22643 kg\/m\u00b2<\/td>\nTamamen dald\u0131rmayla uzun s\u00fcreli WL(T) \u2264%0,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Su buhar\u0131 dif\u00fczyon diren\u00e7 fakt\u00f6r\u00fc \u03bc<\/td>\n1<\/td>\nTeknik f\u00f6yde beyan edilmemi\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Yang\u0131na tepki s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (TS EN 13501-1)<\/td>\nA1<\/td>\nE (yan\u0131c\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Kaynak: Mega Teras \u00c7at\u0131 Levhas\u0131 (30\u201370 kPa) ve MEGA XPS T1500, T2000, T2500, T3000 teknik f\u00f6yleri.<\/p>\n

      Su emmesi sat\u0131r\u0131, XPS’in ters terasa neden uygun oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klar; XPS ile EPS’in farklar\u0131n\u0131 XPS mi EPS mi<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131nda ele ald\u0131k. Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc levhada \u03bc de\u011ferinin 1 olmas\u0131, levhan\u0131n buhar ge\u00e7i\u015fine durgun hava kadar diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir; s\u0131cak terasta buhar kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc bu y\u00fczden alttaki buhar kesici yapar. \u03bbD k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e yal\u0131t\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc artar; ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 iletim katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

      Yang\u0131na tepki s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 da proje karar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Binalar\u0131n Yang\u0131ndan Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik’in 28. maddesi, \u00e7at\u0131 kaplamalar\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki y\u00fczeyin veya yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n en az zor alevlenici olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister; \u00e7at\u0131 kaplamas\u0131nda yanmaz malzeme kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa bu y\u00fczeyin en az normal alevlenici olmas\u0131na izin verir. Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re A1 “hi\u00e7 yanmaz”, E ise “normal alevlenici” grubundad\u0131r; y\u00fcksek binalar ve biti\u015fik nizam yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in ek ko\u015fullar vard\u0131r. Hangi katman\u0131n bu h\u00fckme girdi\u011fini ve yap\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli ko\u015fullar\u0131 proje m\u00fcellifi de\u011ferlendirir. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f y\u00fcn\u00fc yanar m\u0131<\/a> And yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi yang\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131lar\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

      Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m; ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc, XPS ve EPS \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra MegaTech yap\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131 ve Fullback su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Mega markas\u0131yla sunan, genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul Kavac\u0131k’ta, fabrikas\u0131 Elaz\u0131\u011f’da bulunan bir T\u00fcrk yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri \u00fcreticisidir.<\/p>\n

      Teras \u00e7at\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r? Katman s\u0131ras\u0131 ve su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n

      Teras \u00e7at\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 e\u011fimle ba\u015flar, sisteme g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131 ve su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131yla s\u00fcrer, su testi ve koruma katman\u0131yla biter:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. E\u011fim:<\/strong> D\u00f6\u015feme \u00fczerine suyu gidere y\u00f6nlendiren e\u011fim betonu d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ekinci ve Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m e\u011fim betonu i\u00e7in %2\u20135 e\u011fim \u00f6nerir.<\/li>\n
      2. Astar:<\/strong> Buhar kesicinin ya da su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeye iyi tutunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in astar uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      3. S\u0131cak terasta levha:<\/strong> Buhar kesici serilir, ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc levhalar aralar\u0131nda bo\u015fluk kalmadan yerle\u015ftirilir, ard\u0131ndan buhar dengeleyici ve su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      4. Ters terasta su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 astarlanm\u0131\u015f e\u011fim betonuna uygulan\u0131r ve parapet diplerinde yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      5. Su testi:<\/strong> Gider a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 kapat\u0131larak teras su alt\u0131nda tutulur; ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse en az \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn beklenmesini \u00f6nerir. Ters terasta XPS, s\u0131cak terasta koruma katman\u0131 bu testten sonra gelir.<\/li>\n
      6. Ters terasta levha:<\/strong> XPS d\u00fcz levhalar testten ge\u00e7mi\u015f su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne serilir.<\/li>\n
      7. Koruma katman\u0131:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131ma g\u00f6re \u00e7ak\u0131l, ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tabaka \u00fczerine d\u00f6\u015feme kaplamas\u0131 ya da y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f plaklar uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 katman\u0131 i\u00e7in Mega’n\u0131n Fullback su yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri<\/a> aras\u0131nda iki \u00fcr\u00fcn teraslarla do\u011frudan ilgilidir. Tek bile\u015fenli akrilik likit su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/a> \u00fcr\u00fcn sayfas\u0131na g\u00f6re e\u011fimli \u00e7at\u0131 ve teraslar\u0131n, d\u0131\u015f cephelerin ve baca dibi gibi detaylar\u0131n su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7imento ve akrilik esasl\u0131, \u00e7ift bile\u015fenli Fullback Duo tam elastik<\/a> ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli teraslar ve balkonlar i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlan\u0131r; beton, s\u0131va ve \u015fap \u00fczerine uygulan\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015fe a\u00e7\u0131k kalacak y\u00fczeyler i\u00e7in iki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de UV dayan\u0131ml\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Kat say\u0131s\u0131, sarfiyat ve kuruma s\u00fcresi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn teknik f\u00f6y\u00fcnden al\u0131n\u0131r; \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi katman d\u00fczeninde kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na proje detay\u0131yla karar verilir.<\/p>\n

        Teras \u00e7at\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hatalar nelerdir?<\/h2>\n

        Teras \u00e7at\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir detay hatas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn uygulaman\u0131n yenilenmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ve yo\u011fu\u015fman\u0131n bilinen nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n