{"id":3378,"date":"2026-06-23T14:41:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T14:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/?p=3378"},"modified":"2026-10-30T04:57:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T04:57:36","slug":"termit-tepeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/termit-tepeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Termit Yuvas\u0131: Do\u011fan\u0131n Pasif Havaland\u0131rma Sistemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Termit yuvas\u0131, toprak alt\u0131ndaki koloninin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen termit tepesiyle birlikte do\u011fal bir havaland\u0131rma sistemi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Harvard ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re tepenin ince d\u0131\u015f kanallar\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdedeki merkezi bacadan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Olu\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 havay\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr; gece ak\u0131\u015f tersine d\u00f6ner ve biriken karbondioksit d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Termitler topra\u011f\u0131 t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak kendi boylar\u0131n\u0131n kat kat \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lar kurar. Brezilya&#8217;n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusundaki termit tepeleri o kadar geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131l\u0131r ki uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinde kolayca se\u00e7ilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7erideki havay\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini, mimarlara ne \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fini ve bu bilginin evinizi yaz\u0131n serin tutmakta nas\u0131l i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 8px;\" title=\"Uzaydan Bile G\u00f6r\u00fclebilen Yap\u0131lar: Termit Tepeleri!\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/urQcp9bJ-14\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2>Termit tepesi nas\u0131l ayakta kal\u0131r, neden uzaydan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir?<\/h2>\n<p>Termit tepesi, termitlerin topra\u011f\u0131 kendi t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fckleri ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lar\u0131yla ba\u011flayarak \u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zenekli bir yap\u0131d\u0131r; Brezilya&#8217;daki \u00f6rneklerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ayakta kalabilir. Harvard Magazine&#8217;in aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re bu tepeler d\u00f6rt k\u0131tada, s\u0131cak iklimlerde metrelerce y\u00fckselir. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, tepenin i\u00e7inin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bo\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r: Koloni, tepenin alt\u0131ndaki yuvada ya\u015far.<\/p>\n<p>Boyutlar t\u00fcre g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Guinness D\u00fcnya Rekorlar\u0131&#8217;na g\u00f6re Avustralya&#8217;n\u0131n Kuzey B\u00f6lgesi&#8217;ndeki katedral termitlerinin tepeleri yerden 8 metreye kadar y\u00fckselebilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir b\u00f6cek i\u00e7in bu, g\u00f6kdelen \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir yap\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n<p>Termit tepelerinin &#8220;uzaydan g\u00f6r\u00fclen yap\u0131lar&#8221; olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en somut nedeni Brezilya&#8217;da. Cell Press&#8217;in 2018&#8217;de duyurdu\u011fu Current Biology \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fclkenin kuzeydo\u011fusunda, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 milyon koni bi\u00e7imli tepe bulunuyor. Her biri yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 9 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde olan bu tepeler Google Earth&#8217;te kolayca g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n 11 tepeden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak \u00f6rnekleri 690 ile 3.820 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihleniyor ve tepelerde termitler h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu tepeler, termitlerin yer alt\u0131nda birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcneller kazarken \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczeye y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015ftu. Yani g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclen dev yap\u0131, yer alt\u0131ndaki geni\u015f bir t\u00fcnel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeydeki izidir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>De\u011fer<\/th>\n<th>Kaynak<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Yap\u0131 malzemesi<\/td>\n<td>Toprak, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Harvard Magazine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>En y\u00fcksek tepeler<\/td>\n<td>Katedral termitinde 8 m&#8217;ye kadar (Avustralya, Kuzey B\u00f6lgesi)<\/td>\n<td>Guinness D\u00fcnya Rekorlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brezilya&#8217;daki tepe say\u0131s\u0131 ve alan\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 milyon tepe, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde alan<\/td>\n<td>Cell Press (Current Biology)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brezilya&#8217;daki tek tepenin boyutu<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 m y\u00fckseklik, 9 m geni\u015flik<\/td>\n<td>Cell Press (Current Biology)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brezilya&#8217;daki tepelerin ya\u015f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>690\u20133.820 y\u0131l (11 tepeden al\u0131nan toprak \u00f6rnekleri)<\/td>\n<td>Cell Press (Current Biology)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Termit yuvas\u0131 i\u00e7erideki havay\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirir?<\/h2>\n<p>Termit yuvas\u0131, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ile gece aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak havas\u0131n\u0131 kendili\u011finden de\u011fi\u015ftirir; fan, motor ya da d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan enerji gerekmez. Bu mekanizma, Harvard \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nden Hunter King, Samuel Ocko ve L. Mahadevan&#8217;\u0131n 2015&#8217;te PNAS dergisinde yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar G\u00fcney Hindistan&#8217;da, mantar yeti\u015ftiren <em>Odontotermes obesus<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tepelerinde hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn boyu izledi. Tepenin d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnde ince duvarl\u0131 dikey kanallar, ortas\u0131nda ise kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdenin i\u00e7inde kalan bir baca bulunur. \u0130nce duvarl\u0131 kanallar g\u00fcne\u015fle h\u0131zla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p h\u0131zla so\u011furken, kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdedeki bacan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rece sabit kal\u0131r. Hava bu iki b\u00f6lge aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131yla d\u00f6ner:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>G\u00fcnd\u00fcz d\u0131\u015f kanallar bacadan daha s\u0131cak olur; hava d\u0131\u015f kanallarda y\u00fckselir, ortadaki bacadan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 iner.<\/li>\n<li>Gece d\u0131\u015f kanallar daha h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011fur ve ak\u0131\u015f tersine d\u00f6ner: Hava bacadan y\u00fckselir, d\u0131\u015f kanallardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 iner.<\/li>\n<li>Koloninin solunumuyla olu\u015fan karbondioksit g\u00fcnd\u00fcz birikir; gecenin serin havas\u0131 bu bayat havay\u0131 yuvadan s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan Sam Ocko bu ana &#8220;hap\u015f\u0131r\u0131k&#8221; diyor.<\/li>\n<li>Gaz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi, tepenin g\u00f6zenekli duvarlar\u0131ndan dif\u00fczyonla tamamlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>K\u0131sacas\u0131 tepe, yuvan\u0131n \u00fczerinde duran ve g\u00fcnd\u00fczle gece aras\u0131nda y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir akci\u011fer gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Pasif havaland\u0131rma derken anlat\u0131lan \u015fey tam olarak budur: Havay\u0131 hareket ettiren g\u00fc\u00e7 bir makine de\u011fil, do\u011fal s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Termit tepesi i\u00e7erideki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutar m\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Tam olarak de\u011fil. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, termit tepesinin bir termostat gibi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabitlemekten \u00e7ok havay\u0131 tazelemeye yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdenin i\u00e7indeki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeye g\u00f6re daha az de\u011fi\u015fir; bu da a\u011f\u0131r k\u00fctlenin do\u011fal sonucudur.<\/p>\n<p>Termit tepelerinin klima gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri eskiye dayan\u0131r. Harvard Magazine&#8217;e g\u00f6re \u0130svi\u00e7reli entomolog Martin L\u00fcscher 1960&#8217;ta, termitlerin metabolizmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bayat havay\u0131 tepenin ortas\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 itti\u011fini ve tepenin alttaki yuva i\u00e7in bir klima g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama uzun s\u00fcre kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Namibya&#8217;daki tepeler \u00fczerinde y\u0131llarca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biyolog J. Scott Turner farkl\u0131 bir sonuca ula\u015ft\u0131. Harvard Gazette&#8217;nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Turner, termit tepesinin i\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemedi\u011fini buldu; ona g\u00f6re tepe, r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fken enerjisini kullanarak insan akci\u011ferine benzer bi\u00e7imde nefes al\u0131p veren bir yap\u0131yd\u0131. Hindistan&#8217;daki 2015 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri ise ana itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. T\u00fcrler ve iklimler farkl\u0131 olsa da iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131 ayn\u0131: Tepenin as\u0131l i\u015fi gaz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fidir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/th>\n<th>Sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fayda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Toprak, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131dan duvar<\/td>\n<td>G\u00f6zenekli yap\u0131, gaz\u0131n dif\u00fczyonla ge\u00e7mesine izin verir<\/td>\n<td>Koruma ve gaz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0130nce duvarl\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kanallar<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcnd\u00fcz h\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r, gece h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011fur<\/td>\n<td>Havay\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcren s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdedeki merkezi baca<\/td>\n<td>S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kanallara g\u00f6re az de\u011fi\u015fir<\/td>\n<td>Is\u0131 dengesi ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>Ak\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece ters y\u00f6nde ilerler<\/td>\n<td>Karbondioksidin yuvadan at\u0131lmas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tablodaki orta iki sat\u0131r, binalar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli bir ders veriyor: Kal\u0131n ve a\u011f\u0131r bir k\u00fctle s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimini geciktirir, ince ve hafif bir y\u00fczey ise d\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullara h\u0131zla uyum sa\u011flar. Termit tepesinde bu iki davran\u0131\u015f bir arada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve aradaki fark havay\u0131 hareket ettirir.<\/p>\n<h2>Termit tepeleri biyomimikri ile binalara nas\u0131l ilham verdi?<\/h2>\n<p>Termit tepeleri, do\u011fadaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zlemleyip insan yap\u0131m\u0131 sistemlere uyarlayan biyomimikri yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k an\u0131lan \u00f6rneklerindendir. Mimarlar \u00f6zellikle havan\u0131n makine olmadan dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r k\u00fctlenin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dengelemesi fikrinden yararland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu alanda en \u00e7ok an\u0131lan bina, Zimbabve&#8217;nin ba\u015fkenti Harare&#8217;deki Eastgate Centre. Harvard Magazine&#8217;e g\u00f6re 1996&#8217;da in\u015fa edilen bina, so\u011futma ve havaland\u0131rma d\u00fczenini L\u00fcscher&#8217;in termit tepesi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re kurdu. Harvard Gazette de Turner&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken Zimbabve&#8217;de klima olmadan tasarlanan, r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisinden ve \u0131s\u0131 depolayan malzemelerden yararlanan bir binaya de\u011finiyor. \u0130lham kayna\u011f\u0131 olan a\u00e7\u0131klama sonradan de\u011fi\u015fti, ama binan\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkeler ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini koruyor:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pasif havaland\u0131rma:<\/strong> Hava, fan yerine s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 fark\u0131yla dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Is\u0131l k\u00fctle:<\/strong> A\u011f\u0131r duvar ve d\u00f6\u015femeler g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 depolar, i\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6ng\u00fcden yararlanmak:<\/strong> Serin gece havas\u0131 i\u00e7eri al\u0131n\u0131r, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn s\u0131cak havas\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutulur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Wyss Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fcn 2015 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 duyuran haberinde de termit tepelerinin, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131ndan yararlanan yeni mimarilere ilham olabilece\u011fi belirtiliyor. Benzer bir mant\u0131k, \u0130ran&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6l kentlerinde r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 yakalay\u0131p evlerin i\u00e7ine y\u00f6nlendiren <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/badgir-kuleleri\/\">badgir<\/a> kulelerinde geleneksel olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda kendi d\u00fczenini kuran kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini de <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari\/\">kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n<h2>Bu bilgi binan\u0131zda ne i\u015fe yarar? Pasif so\u011futma ve iyi yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kabuk<\/h2>\n<p>Pasif havaland\u0131rma en iyi sonucu, bina kabu\u011fu d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri ge\u00e7i\u015fini yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verir. Gece serin havayla so\u011futtu\u011funuz bir ev, duvarlar\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 iyi yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ertesi g\u00fcn daha ge\u00e7 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r; yal\u0131t\u0131ms\u0131z bir kabukta ise bu serinlik \u00e7abuk kaybolur.<\/p>\n<p>Harvard \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde termit tepesinin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, alttaki yuvadan daha s\u0131cakt\u0131r. Binalarda bu rol\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131 \u00fcstlenir: Yaz\u0131n en \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f alan y\u00fczey oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7at\u0131 ve teras yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, serin kalman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Konuyu ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/yazin-serin-tutan-isi-yalitimi\/\">yaz\u0131n evi serin tutma<\/a> rehberimizde, \u00e7at\u0131 katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ise <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/teras-cati-yalitimi\/\">teras \u00e7at\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda termit tepesindeki ilkelerin binadaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerine g\u00f6re ilgili \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011ferlerini bir arada g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Termit tepesindeki ilke<\/th>\n<th>Binadaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\n<th>\u0130lgili Mega \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc (teknik f\u00f6y de\u011feri)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcne\u015fi ilk kar\u015f\u0131layan \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7at\u0131 ve teras<\/td>\n<td>Teras \u00c7at\u0131 Levhas\u0131 (ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc), 30\u201370 kPa tipleri: \u03bbD \u22640,039 W\/mK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kal\u0131n, g\u00f6zenekli g\u00f6vde<\/td>\n<td>D\u0131\u015f duvar ve mantolama<\/td>\n<td>Mantolama Levhas\u0131 MEGA SW F150 (ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc): \u03bbD \u22640,037 W\/mK, \u03bc = 1, 40\u2013120 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Toprak alt\u0131ndaki yuva<\/td>\n<td>Temel ve topra\u011fa temas eden d\u00f6\u015feme<\/td>\n<td>XPS D\u00fcz, MEGA XPS T3000: \u03bbD 0,035 W\/mK, CS(10\\Y) 300 kPa, uzun s\u00fcreli su emme \u2264%0,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece hava d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>Gece havaland\u0131rmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6lgeleme<\/td>\n<td>Malzeme de\u011fil, tasar\u0131m ve kullan\u0131m karar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>De\u011ferler Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u03bbD de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e malzemenin \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 iletme e\u011filimi azal\u0131r; gereken kal\u0131nl\u0131k ise binan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu iklim b\u00f6lgesine ve \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m projesi hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-1024x576.png\" class=\"wp-image-4108 size-large\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"E\u011fimli \u00e7at\u0131da ve teras \u00e7at\u0131da ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri g\u00f6steren \u00e7izim\" srcset=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/termit-tepeleri-img1-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131 e\u011fimli metal ve ah\u015fap \u00e7at\u0131larda ve teras \u00e7at\u0131larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; \u00e7at\u0131, yaz\u0131n binan\u0131n en \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f alan y\u00fczeyidir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/teras-cati-levhasi\/\">Teras \u00e7at\u0131 levhas\u0131<\/a>, \u00fcr\u00fcn sayfas\u0131na g\u00f6re her t\u00fcrl\u00fc e\u011fimli metal ve ah\u015fap \u00e7at\u0131da ve teras \u00e7at\u0131larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; teknik f\u00f6ylerde basma dayan\u0131m\u0131 30 kPa&#8217;dan 70 kPa&#8217;ya kadar de\u011fi\u015fen tipler yer al\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f duvarda <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/mantolama-levhasi\/\">ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc mantolama levhas\u0131<\/a> s\u0131val\u0131 d\u0131\u015f cephe yal\u0131t\u0131m sistemlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Mega teknik f\u00f6y\u00fcne g\u00f6re ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc levhalar\u0131n su buhar\u0131 dif\u00fczyon direnci \u03bc = 1&#8217;dir; yani levha, su buhar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fine havayla ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde izin verir. Topra\u011fa temas eden temel ve d\u00f6\u015femelerde ise kapal\u0131 h\u00fccreli yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su emmesiyle <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/xps-duz\/\">XPS d\u00fcz levha<\/a> \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7eneklerin tamam\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urun-kategori\/tasyunu\/\">ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc levhalar<\/a> sayfam\u0131zda bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>MegaUsta&#8217;dan uygulama notu:<\/strong> Yaz\u0131n evi serin tutmak i\u00e7in termitlerin y\u00f6ntemini taklit edebilirsiniz. Serin gece ve sabah saatlerinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 pencereleri a\u00e7arak evi \u00e7apraz havaland\u0131r\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131cak saatlerinde pencereleri kapal\u0131 tutup g\u00fcne\u015f alan camlar\u0131 g\u00f6lgeleyin. \u00c7at\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda levhalar\u0131 aralar\u0131nda bo\u015fluk kalmayacak bi\u00e7imde, derzleri s\u0131k\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek yerle\u015ftirin; levhalar aras\u0131nda kalan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kolayca ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zay\u0131f noktalar olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n da binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r benzer \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/yalitimin-binlerce-yillik-seruveni\/\">yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n tarihi<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m, genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul Kavac\u0131k&#8217;ta, fabrikas\u0131 Elaz\u0131\u011f&#8217;da bulunan bir T\u00fcrk yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri \u00fcreticisidir; ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc, XPS ve EPS \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra MegaBlock, MegaLento, DesiWool, MegaTech yap\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131 ve Fullback su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Mega markas\u0131yla sunar.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<h3>Termit tepeleri nas\u0131l serin kal\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<p>Termit tepeleri, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ile gece aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131n\u0131 kullanan bir havaland\u0131rma d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz ince duvarl\u0131 d\u0131\u015f kanallar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r ve hava bu kanallarda y\u00fckselir; gece ak\u0131\u015f tersine d\u00f6ner ve biriken karbondioksit d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r. Kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdedeki merkezi bacan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeye g\u00f6re daha az de\u011fi\u015fir. Yine de ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar tepenin bir termostat gibi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabitlemedi\u011fini, as\u0131l i\u015finin havay\u0131 tazelemek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<h3>Pasif havaland\u0131rma nedir?<\/h3>\n<p>Pasif havaland\u0131rma, fan, motor ya da klima kullanmadan havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 farklar\u0131yla kendili\u011finden dola\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Is\u0131nan hava hafifleyip y\u00fckselir; r\u00fczg\u00e2r da yap\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u00fcz\u00fcnde bas\u0131n\u00e7, kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnde emme olu\u015fturur. Termit tepeleri bu ilkeyi g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131yla uygular. Binalarda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan pencereler, havaland\u0131rma bacalar\u0131 ve badgir gibi r\u00fczg\u00e2r kuleleri ayn\u0131 mant\u0131kla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Binalarda do\u011fal so\u011futma i\u00e7in yal\u0131t\u0131m neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n<p>Yal\u0131t\u0131m, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n duvar, \u00e7at\u0131 ve d\u00f6\u015femeden i\u00e7eri ge\u00e7i\u015fini yava\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Gece serin havayla so\u011futulan bir ev, kabu\u011fu iyi yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ertesi g\u00fcn daha ge\u00e7 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r; yal\u0131t\u0131ms\u0131z bir binada bu serinlik \u00e7abuk kaybolur. \u00d6zellikle yaz\u0131n en \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f alan \u00e7at\u0131da \u0131s\u0131l iletkenli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir malzeme kullanmak, pasif havaland\u0131rman\u0131n etkisini uzat\u0131r ve klimaya duyulan ihtiyac\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.harvardmagazine.com\/2015\/11\/termites-cathedral-mounds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard Magazine: Termites&#8217; Cathedral Mounds (Sophia Nguyen, 2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wyss.harvard.edu\/news\/termite-mounds-could-inspire-new-ideas-for-sustainable-building-ventilation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wyss Institute, Harvard \u00dcniversitesi: Termit tepeleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bina havaland\u0131rmas\u0131na ilham olabilir (31 A\u011fustos 2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.08067\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H. King, S. A. Ocko, L. Mahadevan: Termite mounds harness diurnal temperature oscillations for ventilation, PNAS 112(37), 2015 (arXiv \u00f6zeti)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/10\/termites-as-architects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard Gazette: Termites as architects (Alvin Powell, 21 Ekim 2010)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/502167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cell Press \/ EurekAlert: Brezilya&#8217;da 200 milyon termit tepesinden olu\u015fan dev yap\u0131 (Current Biology, 19 Kas\u0131m 2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guinnessworldrecords.com\/world-records\/632364-tallest-animal-built-structures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guinness D\u00fcnya Rekorlar\u0131: Hayvanlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en y\u00fcksek yap\u0131lar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/teras-cati-levhasi-40-kpa-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: Teras \u00c7at\u0131 Levhas\u0131 40 kPa teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-sw-f150-mantolama-levhasi-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: MEGA SW F150 Mantolama Levhas\u0131 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-xps-t3000-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: MEGA XPS T3000 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: \u00dcr\u00fcn belgeleri ve teknik f\u00f6yler (Dok\u00fcmanlar)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c7at\u0131n\u0131z, d\u0131\u015f duvarlar\u0131n\u0131z ya da temeliniz i\u00e7in yal\u0131t\u0131m se\u00e7erken iklim b\u00f6lgesi, y\u00fck ve nem durumu birlikte de\u011ferlendirilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urun-kategori\/teras-cati\/\">Teras \u00e7at\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerimizi<\/a> inceleyebilir ya da projeniz i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/iletisim\/\">teknik ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Termit yuvas\u0131 havas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirir, tepe s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutar m\u0131? Pasif havaland\u0131rma, Eastgate \u00f6rne\u011fi ve evi yaz\u0131n serin tutan yal\u0131t\u0131m.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[150,110,101,401,400,399,398],"class_list":["post-3378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yapilarin-yalitim-sanati","tag-biyomimikri","tag-cati-yalitimi","tag-isi-yalitimi","tag-mega-yalitim","tag-pasif-havalandirma","tag-termit-tepesi","tag-termit-yuvasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3378"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4109,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3378\/revisions\/4109"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}