{"id":3330,"date":"2026-06-18T13:14:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T13:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/?p=3330"},"modified":"2026-10-30T05:12:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T05:12:58","slug":"dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Kar\u0131nca Yuvas\u0131 Is\u0131y\u0131 Nas\u0131l Dengeler? Do\u011fadaki Yal\u0131t\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde topra\u011f\u0131n kendisiyle dengeler. Y\u00fczeyde g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck olan s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 birka\u00e7 on santimetre derinlikte belirgin bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6ner, bu y\u00fczden derindeki odalar daha kararl\u0131 kal\u0131r. Baz\u0131 t\u00fcrler yavrular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki odalara ta\u015f\u0131r; baz\u0131lar\u0131 da yuvay\u0131 r\u00fczg\u00e2rla havaland\u0131r\u0131r ya da \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc yal\u0131tkan bir \u00f6rt\u00fcyle kaplar.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0131\u015far\u0131da hava g\u00fcn boyu \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p so\u011furken koloninin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 odalar bu de\u011fi\u015fimin ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hisseder. Bunu topra\u011f\u0131n fizi\u011fi ile kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 birlikte sa\u011flar. Bu yaz\u0131da kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 tamponu olarak nas\u0131l i\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yuvan\u0131n nas\u0131l havaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara dayanarak anlat\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 ilkenin binalar\u0131n toprakla temas eden b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyoruz.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 8px;\" title=\"Do\u011fada Yal\u0131t\u0131m: Kar\u0131nca Yuvalar\u0131ndaki Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Yal\u0131t\u0131m Stratejisi!\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JcYAgigJhRg\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l dengelenir?<\/h2>\n<p>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 dengeleyen ilk etken toprakt\u0131r. Toprak \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 yava\u015f iletir ve depolar; y\u00fczeydeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmas\u0131 derine indik\u00e7e hem k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr hem de gecikir.<\/p>\n<p>Tyson Ochsner&#8217;\u0131n toprak fizi\u011fi ders kitab\u0131ndaki \u00f6rnekte, g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n genli\u011fi y\u00fczeyde 7 \u00b0C iken 10 cm derinlikte 3 \u00b0C&#8217;ye iner. Kitap, genli\u011fin y\u00fczeydeki de\u011ferinin y\u00fczde 37&#8217;sine (1\/e) d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derinli\u011fe s\u00f6n\u00fcm derinli\u011fi ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. \u00d6rnekteki toprak i\u00e7in bu derinlik g\u00fcnl\u00fck dalgada 11,7 cm, y\u0131ll\u0131k dalgada 224 cm olarak hesaplan\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 gece ile g\u00fcnd\u00fcz aras\u0131ndaki fark s\u0131\u011f bir katmanda s\u00f6ner, yaz ile k\u0131\u015f aras\u0131ndaki fark ise metrelerce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya iner.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u0131ncalar bu katmanla\u015fmay\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla kullan\u0131r. Kadochov\u00e1 ve Frouz&#8217;un derlemesine g\u00f6re h\u00f6y\u00fck yapan kar\u0131ncalarda iki ana strateji \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar: Yavrular\u0131 yuvadaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir odadan \u00f6tekine ta\u015f\u0131mak ya da yuvan\u0131n i\u00e7ini y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tutmak. Ayn\u0131 derlemede aktar\u0131lan bir g\u00f6zlemde <em>Camponotus mus<\/em> i\u015f\u00e7ileri yavrular\u0131 g\u00fcnde iki kez ta\u015f\u0131r: \u00d6\u011fleden sonra saat 14 civar\u0131nda gecenin serin odas\u0131ndan g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn s\u0131cak odas\u0131na, gece 22 civar\u0131nda da geri. Ate\u015f kar\u0131ncas\u0131 <em>Solenopsis invicta<\/em> kolonileri ise yaln\u0131zca 24 ile 36 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Florida hasat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u0131ncas\u0131 <em>Pogonomyrmex badius<\/em> \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Walter Tschinkel&#8217;in kay\u0131tlar\u0131 da bu tabloyla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr: Yavrular ve yeni \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7o\u011funlukla yuvan\u0131n alt \u00fc\u00e7te birinde bulunuyordu. G\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimine en \u00e7ok maruz kalan odalar ise Tschinkel&#8217;in belirtti\u011fi gibi yuvan\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndakilerdir. Yani koloninin en hassas bireyleri, dalgalanman\u0131n en az hissedildi\u011fi katmanlarda bulunur.<\/p>\n<h2>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru inen dar \u015faftlar ile bu \u015faftlara ba\u011flanan yatay odalardan olu\u015fur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler topra\u011f\u0131 tane tane kaz\u0131p y\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131r; yuva, koloni b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e derinle\u015fir ve yeni odalar kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yap\u0131y\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00f6l\u00e7en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri, Tschinkel&#8217;in 2004&#8217;te yay\u0131mlanan makalesidir. Tschinkel, Florida&#8217;n\u0131n kumlu topraklar\u0131ndaki hasat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u0131nca yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 kazarak ve kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak inceledi. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca de\u011ferleri \u00f6zetliyor.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011fer<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Olgun yuvan\u0131n derinli\u011fi<\/td>\n<td>Genellikle 2,5\u20133 m; en derin yuva 3,06 m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yeni kurulmu\u015f yuvan\u0131n derinli\u011fi<\/td>\n<td>En fazla yar\u0131m metre kadar (makalede 29\u201337 cm ve 40\u201350 cm aral\u0131klar\u0131 verilir)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u015eaftlar\u0131n bi\u00e7imi<\/td>\n<td>1 cm&#8217;den biraz dar; 4\u20136 cm \u00e7apl\u0131 sarmal \u00e7izerek iner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oda y\u00fcksekli\u011fi<\/td>\n<td>Taban alan\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Odalar aras\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fey aral\u0131k<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n 2\u20134 cm, derinde 20\u201330 cm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oda alan\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Toplam alan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 yuvan\u0131n \u00fcst \u00e7eyre\u011finde<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tohum depolar\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Yaln\u0131zca 40\u2013100 cm derinlikteki odalarda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yavrular\u0131n yeri<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7o\u011funlukla yuvan\u0131n alt \u00fc\u00e7te biri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00d6rnek yuva (yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.000 i\u015f\u00e7i)<\/td>\n<td>135 oda, 12 m d\u00fc\u015fey \u015faft, yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 kg kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Kaynak: Tschinkel (2004), Journal of Insect Science. De\u011ferler Florida hasat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u0131ncas\u0131na aittir; ba\u015fka t\u00fcrlerin yuvalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n ne kadar derinde oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise ayr\u0131 bir soru. Tschinkel, yuvadaki karbondioksit oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyde d\u0131\u015f havaya yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu, dibe do\u011fru ise yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f kat artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktar\u0131r ve bu fark\u0131n kar\u0131ncalara derinlik bilgisi veren bir i\u015faret olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toprak nemini ise g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne, mevsimden mevsime fazla de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir i\u015faret olarak g\u00f6rmez.<\/p>\n<h2>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131 nas\u0131l havaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Yaprak kesen kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n dev yuvalar\u0131nda havay\u0131 tazeleyen as\u0131l g\u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczeyde esen r\u00fczg\u00e2rd\u0131r; s\u0131cak havan\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinin katk\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu sonu\u00e7, sahada yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle ortaya kondu.<\/p>\n<p>Kleineidam, Ernst ve Roces, yaprak kesen kar\u0131nca <em>Atta vollenweideri<\/em>&#8216;nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yuvas\u0131nda yaz boyunca hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izledi. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re yuva h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinden esen r\u00fczg\u00e2r, havay\u0131 h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00fcst ve orta b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki t\u00fcnellerden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7ekiyordu. Bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn alt ve kenar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki t\u00fcnellerden gecikmeli bir taze hava giri\u015fi izliyordu. T\u00fcnellerin bu i\u015flevi r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131yla olu\u015fan hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, yani bilinen ad\u0131yla baca etkisinin havaland\u0131rmaya \u00e7ok az katk\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00fczden kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;s\u0131cak havan\u0131n bacadan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; bir sistem olarak anlatmak, en az\u0131ndan bu t\u00fcr i\u00e7in do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Kadochov\u00e1 ve Frouz da ayn\u0131 sonuca dikkat \u00e7eker: Bu yuvalarda havay\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131mla hareket ettirecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 yoktur. Yaprak kesen kar\u0131ncalar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tepesindeki t\u00fcnel a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kulecikler bi\u00e7iminde y\u00fckseltir; Kleineidam ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu kulecikler r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n emi\u015f etkisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilir. R\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine y\u00f6nlendiren geleneksel bir mimari \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/badgir-kuleleri\/\">badgir kuleleri<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, kendi iklimini y\u00f6neten bir ba\u015fka do\u011fal yap\u0131y\u0131 da <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/termit-tepeleri\/\">termit yuvas\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n<h2>Yuvan\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yal\u0131t\u0131m katman\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h2>\n<p>Baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde evet. Kadochov\u00e1 ve Frouz&#8217;un aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re <em>Formica obscuripes<\/em> gibi t\u00fcrlerin yuvan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00f6rt\u00fc katman\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l yay\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7evredeki topraktan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; bu \u00f6rt\u00fc g\u00fcnd\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131, gece de \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 orman kar\u0131ncalar\u0131 (<em>Formica rufa<\/em> grubu) yuvay\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne y\u00fckselen bir h\u00f6y\u00fck olarak kurar. Derlemeye g\u00f6re bu h\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 toplayan bir y\u00fczey gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. <em>Formica polyctena<\/em>&#8216;da pupalar\u0131n geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in tercih edilen s\u0131cakl\u0131k 29 \u00b0C&#8217;dir. Finlandiya ve \u00c7ekya&#8217;da incelenen kolonilerin yuvalar\u0131n\u0131n ilkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda 65 ila 129 g\u00fcn boyunca 20 \u00b0C&#8217;nin \u00fczerinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler gerekti\u011finde yuva malzemesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak duvarlar\u0131 inceltebilir ve fazla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. \u00d6rt\u00fc kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a \u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7eride tutulur, inceldik\u00e7e d\u0131\u015far\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu stratejileri ve bunlar\u0131 belgeleyen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir araya getiriyor.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Do\u011fal strateji<\/th>\n<th>Nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6rnek t\u00fcr \/ kaynak<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Derinlik ve toprak katman\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Toprak g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 derine indik\u00e7e s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr<\/td>\n<td>Toprak fizi\u011fi (Ochsner)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Katmanl\u0131 odalar ve yavru ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/td>\n<td>Yavrular uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki odalara ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ya da derin odalarda tutulur<\/td>\n<td><em>Camponotus mus<\/em>, <em>Pogonomyrmex badius<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>R\u00fczg\u00e2rla havaland\u0131rma<\/td>\n<td>R\u00fczg\u00e2r havay\u0131 orta t\u00fcnellerden \u00e7eker, kenar t\u00fcnellerden taze hava girer<\/td>\n<td><em>Atta vollenweideri<\/em> (Kleineidam ve ark.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Yal\u0131tkan yuva \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131s\u0131l yay\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 ve gece \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r<\/td>\n<td><em>Formica obscuripes<\/em> (Kadochov\u00e1 ve Frouz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Duvar inceltme<\/td>\n<td>\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler yuva malzemesini k\u0131smen kald\u0131rarak \u0131s\u0131 at\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r<\/td>\n<td><em>Formica<\/em> t\u00fcrleri (Kadochov\u00e1 ve Frouz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Bu bilgi binan\u0131zda ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/h2>\n<p>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131n\u0131n dersi, binan\u0131n toprakla temas eden her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir: Toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimini yumu\u015fat\u0131r ama \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaz, \u00fcstelik nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bodrum duvarlar\u0131 ve temel bu y\u00fczden suyu az emen, bas\u0131nca dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir yal\u0131t\u0131m katman\u0131yla korunur.<\/p>\n<h3>Toprakla temas eden duvarlar neden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h3>\n<p>Topra\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7i d\u0131\u015f havaya g\u00f6re daha dengelidir, ama sabit de\u011fildir. Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6n\u00fcm derinli\u011fi 224 cm \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu; yani bir bodrum kat\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 ve d\u00f6\u015femesi mevsim de\u011fi\u015fimini h\u00e2l\u00e2 hisseder, y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar ise g\u00fcnl\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimden de etkilenir. Is\u0131t\u0131lan bir bodrum, yal\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7evresindeki serin topra\u011fa verir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci zorluk nem ve y\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kar\u0131ncalar odalar\u0131n\u0131 nemli topra\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde kazar; bodrum perde duvar\u0131 da dolgu topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve nemi alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede kullan\u0131lacak yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesinin uzun s\u00fcre \u0131slak ortamda kalmas\u0131 ve \u00fczerine gelen y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulama ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/temel-ve-perde-duvar-yalitimi\/\">temel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/a> rehberimizde anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n<h3>XPS bu g\u00f6revi nas\u0131l \u00fcstlenir?<\/h3>\n<p>XPS (ekstr\u00fcde polistiren), kapal\u0131 h\u00fccreli yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su emmesi sayesinde temel, toprak alt\u0131 perde duvar ve teras \u00e7at\u0131 gibi nemli ve y\u00fck alt\u0131ndaki alanlarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerine g\u00f6re tamamen suya dald\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen uzun s\u00fcreli su emmesi en fazla y\u00fczde 0,7&#8217;dir (WL(T)0,7).<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Mega XPS tipi<\/th>\n<th>\u03bbD (W\/mK)<\/th>\n<th>Basma dayan\u0131m\u0131 CS(10\\Y)<\/th>\n<th>Kal\u0131nl\u0131k (mm)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>MEGA XPS T1500<\/td>\n<td>0,035<\/td>\n<td>150 kPa<\/td>\n<td>20\u201380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MEGA XPS T2000<\/td>\n<td>0,035<\/td>\n<td>200 kPa<\/td>\n<td>20\u201380<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MEGA XPS T2500<\/td>\n<td>0,036<\/td>\n<td>250 kPa<\/td>\n<td>20\u2013120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MEGA XPS T3000<\/td>\n<td>0,035<\/td>\n<td>300 kPa<\/td>\n<td>20\u2013120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Kaynak: Mega XPS teknik f\u00f6yleri. T\u00fcm tiplerde levha ebad\u0131 600 x 1200 mm, kullan\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 -50 \/ +75 \u00b0C ve uzun s\u00fcreli su emmesi WL(T)0,7&#8217;dir. \u03bbD, 10 \u00b0C&#8217;deki beyan \u0131s\u0131l iletkenlik de\u011feridir.<\/p>\n<p>Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m&#8217;\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/xps-duz\/\">XPS d\u00fcz levha<\/a> \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00fcr\u00fcn sayfas\u0131nda toprak alt\u0131 perde duvarlar, toprakla temas eden temel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve teras \u00e7at\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilir. Y\u00fczeyi p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc ve kanall\u0131 olan <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/xps-puruzlu-kanalli\/\">kanall\u0131 XPS<\/a> ise \u00fcr\u00fcn sayfas\u0131na g\u00f6re temeller ve perde duvarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015ftan ve i\u00e7ten mantolamada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Temel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere levhalar\u0131n hangi uygulamada nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/xps-kullanim-alanlari\/\">XPS kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ayr\u0131ca anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-1024x576.png\" class=\"wp-image-4122 size-large\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Bodrum perde duvarlar\u0131nda, temel alt\u0131nda ve teras \u00e7at\u0131da XPS d\u00fcz levha uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ev \u00e7izimi\" srcset=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dogada-yalitim-karinca-yuvalari-img1-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>XPS d\u00fcz levha, toprakla temas eden bodrum perde duvarlar\u0131nda, temel alt\u0131nda ve teras \u00e7at\u0131da kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>MegaUsta&#8217;dan uygulama notu:<\/strong> Toprak alt\u0131 duvarlarda lamba binili kenarl\u0131 levhalar\u0131 birbirine ge\u00e7irerek, aralar\u0131nda bo\u015fluk b\u0131rakmadan yerle\u015ftirin. Derzde kalan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k bile yal\u0131t\u0131m katman\u0131n\u0131 keser ve \u0131s\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturur. \u015eantiyede bekleyen XPS levhalar\u0131 teknik f\u00f6yde belirtildi\u011fi gibi g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan koruyun; a\u00e7\u0131k alanda depolan\u0131yorsa \u00fczerlerini UV ge\u00e7irmeyen bir \u00f6rt\u00fcyle kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Mega Insulation Solutions (Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m; ticari unvan\u0131 Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m \u00dcretim Pazarlama D\u0131\u015f Ticaret A.\u015e.), genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul Kavac\u0131k&#8217;ta, fabrikas\u0131 Elaz\u0131\u011f&#8217;da bulunan T\u00fcrk yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri \u00fcreticisidir. Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc, XPS ve EPS \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra MegaBlock, MegaLento, DesiWool, MegaTech yap\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131 ve Fullback su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Mega markas\u0131yla sunar.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fada so\u011fu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/dogada-yalitim-sincaplar\/\">sincaplar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, insan\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u0131cak ve so\u011fu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 buldu\u011fu y\u00f6ntemleri de <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/yalitimin-binlerce-yillik-seruveni\/\">yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n tarihi<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<h3>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131 ne kadar derine iner?<\/h3>\n<p>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131n\u0131n derinli\u011fi t\u00fcre ve koloninin ya\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Tschinkel&#8217;in Florida hasat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u0131ncas\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131larda olgun koloniler genellikle 2,5 ile 3 metre derinlikteydi; \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen en derin yuva 3,06 metreydi. Yeni kurulan koloniler ise en fazla yar\u0131m metre kadar derinde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Koloni b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e kar\u0131ncalar yuvay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru kazarak derinle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<h3>Toprak neden \u0131s\u0131 tamponu gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<p>Toprak \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 yava\u015f iletir ve depolar; bu y\u00fczden y\u00fczeydeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi derine indik\u00e7e hem k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr hem gecikir. Ochsner&#8217;\u0131n toprak fizi\u011fi kitab\u0131ndaki \u00f6rnekte g\u00fcnl\u00fck sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n genli\u011fi y\u00fczeyde 7 \u00b0C iken 10 cm derinlikte 3 \u00b0C&#8217;ye iner. Ayn\u0131 toprakta g\u00fcnl\u00fck dalgan\u0131n s\u00f6n\u00fcm derinli\u011fi 11,7 cm, y\u0131ll\u0131k dalgan\u0131nki 224 cm olarak hesaplan\u0131r. Gece ile g\u00fcnd\u00fcz fark\u0131 s\u0131\u011f derinlikte s\u00f6ner, mevsim fark\u0131 ise metrelerce iner.<\/p>\n<h3>Bodrum ve temel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n<p>Bodrum duvarlar\u0131 ve temel, binan\u0131n s\u00fcrekli nemli toprakla ve dolgu bas\u0131nc\u0131yla temas eden b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir. Toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimini yumu\u015fat\u0131r ama \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaz; yal\u0131t\u0131ms\u0131z bir bodrum duvar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 topra\u011fa verir ve i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi so\u011fuk kal\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede suyu az emen, bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda bi\u00e7imini koruyan XPS gibi levhalar tercih edilir; kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m projesi hesab\u0131yla belirlenir.<\/p>\n<h2>Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC528881\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">W. R. Tschinkel (2004): The nest architecture of the Florida harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius, Journal of Insect Science, cilt 4, makale 21<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3962001\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0160. Kadochov\u00e1, J. Frouz (2014): Thermoregulation strategies in ants in comparison to other social insects, with a focus on red wood ants (Formica rufa group), F1000Research, cilt 2, makale 280<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kops.uni-konstanz.de\/entities\/publication\/51c62ef2-183e-4b51-839d-8a74205ea822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">C. Kleineidam, R. Ernst, F. Roces (2001): Wind-induced ventilation of the giant nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri, Naturwissenschaften, cilt 88, say\u0131 7, s. 301\u2013305<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/geo.libretexts.org\/Courses\/Coalinga_College\/Rain_or_Shine%3A_An_Introduction_to_Soil_Physical_Properties_and_Processes_(CRPSCI_036)\/13%3A_Soil_Temperature\/13.04%3A_Sub-surface_soil_temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T. Ochsner: Rain or Shine: An Introduction to Soil Physical Properties and Processes, b\u00f6l\u00fcm 13.4: Sub-surface soil temperatures<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-xps-t1500-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: MEGA XPS T1500 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-xps-t3000-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: MEGA XPS T3000 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: \u00dcr\u00fcn belgeleri (Dok\u00fcmanlar)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bodrum, temel ve toprak alt\u0131 perde duvarlar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in uygun levhay\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urun-kategori\/xps\/\">XPS sheets<\/a> sayfam\u0131zda inceleyebilir, projenize g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/iletisim\/\">teknik ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kar\u0131nca yuvas\u0131 \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l dengeler? Topra\u011f\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 tamponu, katmanl\u0131 odalar ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rla havaland\u0131rma; ayn\u0131 ilkenin bodrum ve temelde XPS ile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[150,151,101,149,412,413,93],"class_list":["post-3330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yapilarin-yalitim-sanati","tag-biyomimikri","tag-dogal-havalandirma","tag-isi-yalitimi","tag-karinca-yuvasi","tag-karinca-yuvasi-nasil-yapilir","tag-toprak-isi-tamponu","tag-xps"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3330"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4123,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3330\/revisions\/4123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}