{"id":3325,"date":"2026-06-17T12:58:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T12:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/?p=3325"},"modified":"2026-10-30T04:57:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T04:57:22","slug":"iglo-yalitim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/iglo-yalitim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130glo Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? Kar\u0131n \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 Yal\u0131t\u0131m G\u00fcc\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130glo, \u0130nuitlerin sertle\u015fmi\u015f kardan kestikleri bloklar\u0131 sarmal bi\u00e7imde \u00fcst \u00fcste dizerek kurdu\u011fu kubbe bi\u00e7imli k\u0131\u015f bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede kar evi olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r. Kar\u0131n g\u00f6zeneklerinde hapsolan hava \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131r, kubbe ise r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 keser. \u0130\u00e7eride bir ya\u011f kandili yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iglonun i\u00e7i, d\u0131\u015f havadan en az 20 \u00b0C daha s\u0131cak tutulabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kanada&#8217;n\u0131n y\u00fcksek Arktik b\u00f6lgesindeki Resolute&#8217;ta yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, \u015fubat ay\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f hava -28 ile -41 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda seyretti. Yaln\u0131zca kardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir so\u011fukta insanlar\u0131 koruyabilmesi ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Oysa iglo, do\u011fru malzeme ile do\u011fru tasar\u0131m bir araya geldi\u011finde yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren en a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rneklerden biridir. Bu yaz\u0131da iglonun ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7inin ka\u00e7 derece oldu\u011funu ve kar\u0131n neden yal\u0131tkan oldu\u011funu bilimsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere dayanarak anlat\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 ilkenin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc binalardaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyoruz.<\/p>\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 8px;\" title=\"\u0130GLO: Dondurucu So\u011fuklar\u0131n Aras\u0131nda S\u0131cac\u0131k Bir Yuva!\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mwbHtZEaGUs\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2>\u0130glo nedir, kimler yapar?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130glo, kar bloklar\u0131ndan \u00f6r\u00fclen ve kubbe bi\u00e7iminde y\u00fckselen ge\u00e7ici bir bar\u0131nakt\u0131r. Kar evi denince akla ilk \u0130nuitler gelir. \u0130nuitler igloyu uzun s\u00fcre yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici bar\u0131nak olarak kulland\u0131; 1996&#8217;da yay\u0131mlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bu kullan\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaydeder.<\/p>\n<p>Arctic dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Kershaw, Scott ve Welch iki t\u00fcr igloyu inceledi: Mevsimlik kamplarda uzun s\u00fcre oturulan b\u00fcy\u00fck iglolar ve av ya da yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 gece kullan\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iglolar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Resolute&#8217;ta bu iki duruma uygun birer iglo yapt\u0131, i\u00e7lerinde geceledi, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve duvardan ge\u00e7en \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc, bu verilerden \u0131s\u0131tma i\u00e7in gereken fok ya\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011fu bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan geliyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130glo \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7izimde yar\u0131m k\u00fcre olarak g\u00f6sterilir, ama ger\u00e7ek bi\u00e7imi ters \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bir paraboloide ya da katenoide daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Yar\u0131m k\u00fcre bi\u00e7imli bir kar kubbede duvarlar d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6kme e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterir. Paraboloit bi\u00e7imde ise bas\u0131n\u00e7 kuvvetleri tabana do\u011fru artar ve yap\u0131 ayakta kal\u0131r. Ne \u00e7ivi ne har\u00e7 gerekir; kullan\u0131lan tek malzeme \u00e7evredeki kard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130glo nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130glo, sertle\u015fmi\u015f bir kar y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131ndan kesilen bloklar\u0131n i\u00e7e do\u011fru e\u011fimli bir sarmal olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde dizilmesi, en \u00fcste kilit blo\u011fun yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve aral\u0131klar\u0131n gev\u015fek karla doldurulmas\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015fin en zor k\u0131sm\u0131, blok kesmeye uygun kar\u0131 bulmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Uygun kar her yerde bulunmaz. Kershaw ve ekibi Resolute&#8217;ta 4 km\u00b2&#8217;lik bir alan\u0131 tarad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iglo yapmaya yetecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte yaln\u0131zca iki kar y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu; bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar alan\u0131n y\u00fczde 3,6&#8217;s\u0131n\u0131 kapl\u0131yordu. Kullan\u0131lan kar\u0131n ortalama yo\u011funlu\u011fu 397 kg\/m\u00b3 idi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n geleneksel y\u00f6ntemle izledi\u011fi ad\u0131mlar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bloklar kar y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131ndan testereyle dikey olarak kesilir. Bloklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde olu\u015fan hendek, sonradan iglonun giri\u015fi olur.<\/li>\n<li>Tabana dizilen ilk bloklar\u0131n \u00fcst y\u00fczleri yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 derecelik bir a\u00e7\u0131yla yukar\u0131 do\u011fru kesilir. Bu e\u011fim, sonraki s\u0131ralar\u0131n sarmal bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselmesini belirler.<\/li>\n<li>Her s\u0131ra biraz daha i\u00e7e e\u011filerek y\u00fckselir ve kubbe daral\u0131r; en \u00fcste kilit blok yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bloklar aras\u0131ndaki aral\u0131klar gev\u015fek karla doldurulur, duvar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f taban\u0131na da 10\u201315 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar gev\u015fek kar y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u00e7eride kardan y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f bir uyku platformu b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, tavanda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir havaland\u0131rma deli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Deneydeki bloklar ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 50 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 75 cm uzunlu\u011fundayd\u0131, ortalama kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 14,7 cm idi; birbirine kenetlenmeleri i\u00e7in kesilip d\u00fczeltildik\u00e7e boyutlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti. Yap\u0131m s\u00fcresine dair en eski kay\u0131t 1888 tarihlidir: Boas, 1,5 m y\u00fcksekli\u011finde, 2,1 m \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve 25 bloktan olu\u015fan bir yolculuk iglosunun iki ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan iki saatte yap\u0131labildi\u011fini aktar\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo iki deney iglosunun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>B\u00fcy\u00fck iglo<\/th>\n<th>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iglo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ap<\/td>\n<td>4,1 m<\/td>\n<td>3,05 m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Blok say\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<td>72<\/td>\n<td>46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ortalama blok k\u00fctlesi<\/td>\n<td>23,6 kg<\/td>\n<td>28,2 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bloklar\u0131n kar yo\u011funlu\u011fu<\/td>\n<td>377 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<td>416 kg\/m\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u00fczey alan\u0131 \/ hacim oran\u0131<\/td>\n<td>2,21<\/td>\n<td>1,73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hesaplanan fok ya\u011f\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 (-30 \u00b0C d\u0131\u015f havada i\u00e7 havay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 \u00b0C&#8217;de tutmak i\u00e7in)<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcnde 3,9 kg<\/td>\n<td>G\u00fcnde 2,3 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Kaynak: Kershaw, Scott ve Welch (1996), Arctic dergisi. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iglo, b\u00fcy\u00fck iglonun ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75&#8217;ini k\u00fctlesinin y\u00fczde 76,5&#8217;iyle sa\u011flad\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 daha ekonomik oldu.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130glonun i\u00e7i ka\u00e7 derece olur?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130glonun i\u00e7i; \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131na, i\u00e7erideki ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131na ve iglonun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Kershaw ve ekibinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken i\u00e7 hava d\u0131\u015f havadan en az 20 \u00b0C daha s\u0131cak kal\u0131r; bu fark en iyi ko\u015fulda 45 \u00b0C&#8217;ye kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7inde kimse olmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck iglo bile d\u0131\u015f havadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 \u00b0C s\u0131cakt\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu fark\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fe de\u011fil, zeminden gelen \u0131s\u0131ya ba\u011flad\u0131. En b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi karibu derileriyle kaplanan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck igloda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc. En s\u0131cak hava ise kubbenin tavana yak\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda topland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, igloyu konforlu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tutmak i\u00e7in gereken enerjinin yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 8 ile 14&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. As\u0131l \u0131s\u0131y\u0131, fok ya\u011f\u0131yla yanan kudlik adl\u0131 ta\u015f kandiller sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re -30 \u00b0C d\u0131\u015f havada, 3 m \u00e7apl\u0131 ve i\u00e7 kaplamas\u0131 olmayan bir igloda iki yeti\u015fkin ve g\u00fcnde 2,3 kg fok ya\u011f\u0131 yakan bir kandil i\u00e7 havay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 \u00b0C&#8217;de tutar.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Situation<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen ya da hesaplanan i\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131k<\/th>\n<th>Kaynak<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0130\u00e7inde kimse olmayan iglo (yaln\u0131zca zeminden gelen \u0131s\u0131)<\/td>\n<td>D\u0131\u015f havadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 \u00b0C s\u0131cak<\/td>\n<td>Kershaw ve ark., 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kandil yanarken, i\u00e7eride insanlar varken<\/td>\n<td>D\u0131\u015f havadan en az 20 \u00b0C s\u0131cak<\/td>\n<td>Kershaw ve ark., 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>En y\u00fcksek fark (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc deriyle kapl\u0131 iglo)<\/td>\n<td>D\u0131\u015f havadan 45 \u00b0C&#8217;ye kadar s\u0131cak<\/td>\n<td>Kershaw ve ark., 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3 m \u00e7apl\u0131 astars\u0131z iglo, -30 \u00b0C d\u0131\u015f hava, iki yeti\u015fkin, g\u00fcnde 2,3 kg fok ya\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Kershaw ve ark., 1996 (hesap)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0130\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc derilerle kaplanan iglolar (tarihsel kay\u0131tlar)<\/td>\n<td>1\u20133 \u00b0C yerine 10\u201320 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Boas 1888 ve Mathiassen 1928, Kershaw ve ark. derlemesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alaska&#8217;da gev\u015fek kardan kubbe bar\u0131naklar, d\u0131\u015f hava -24 ile -40 \u00b0C aras\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k -9 ile -7 \u00b0C aras\u0131, neredeyse sabit<\/td>\n<td>Elsner ve Pruitt, 1959<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Fahrenheit cinsinden verilen de\u011ferler \u00b0C&#8217;ye yuvarlanarak \u00e7evrildi. Elsner ve Pruitt, bar\u0131naklar\u0131n i\u00e7inde biri bulundu\u011funda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu da not eder.<\/p>\n<h2>Kar yal\u0131tkan m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Evet, kar iyi bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc buz kristallerinin aras\u0131nda bol miktarda durgun hava tutar ve havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi buzunkinden \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yine de kar\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m de\u011feri sabit de\u011fildir, yo\u011funlu\u011fa, kristal yap\u0131s\u0131na ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re geni\u015f bir aral\u0131kta de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p>Journal of Glaciology&#8217;de yay\u0131mlanan Sturm ve ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131 kar i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 yolla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r: buz taneleri ve aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar \u00fczerinden iletimle, g\u00f6zeneklerdeki havadan iletimle ve su buhar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcblimle\u015fip ba\u015fka bir noktada yeniden kristalle\u015fmesiyle. Buz iskeleti \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6zeneklerdeki havadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 kat daha iyi iletir. Kuru havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi -15 \u00b0C&#8217;de 0,023 W\/mK, buzunki yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,2 W\/mK&#8217;dir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ayn\u0131 yo\u011funluktaki kar \u00f6rnekleri aras\u0131nda bile on kata varan farklar buldu; 488 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcml\u00fck yeni veri setlerinde ortalama de\u011fer yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,18 W\/mK \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00fczden bir malzemenin yal\u0131t\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc, i\u00e7inde hava bulunmas\u0131yla tek ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Belirleyici olan, havan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bo\u015fluklarda durgun kalmas\u0131 ve kat\u0131 iskeletin \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 olabildi\u011fince az iletmesidir. Kar bu a\u00e7\u0131dan iyi ama kusursuz bir yal\u0131tkan de\u011fildir. \u0130glonun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, kar\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131n duvarlarla, r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 kesen kapal\u0131 bi\u00e7imle ve s\u00fcrekli yanan bir \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131yla birle\u015ftirmesinden gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Kershaw ve ekibinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde yeni yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir iglo duvar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u0131s\u0131, yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 standart bir ah\u015fap karkas ev duvar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u0131s\u0131ya denk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130\u00e7 y\u00fczeyde de ilgin\u00e7 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u015fler: Nefes, pi\u015firme ve kandilden \u00e7\u0131kan nem duvar\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcnde do\u011frudan buza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek birikir ve ince bir buz tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu tabakan\u0131n nemin bloklar\u0131n derinine i\u015flemesini ve duvardan hava ge\u00e7i\u015fini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan bloklar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu kullan\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in duvar\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m de\u011feri zamanla d\u00fc\u015febilir. Do\u011fada so\u011fu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f benzer \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/kutup-canlilari-yalitim\/\">kutup hayvanlar\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ele ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n<h2>Giri\u015f t\u00fcneli ve al\u00e7ak kap\u0131 \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l korur?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130glonun giri\u015fi, ya\u015fama ve uyku alan\u0131ndan daha al\u00e7akta kalan bir hendek ya da t\u00fcnelden yap\u0131l\u0131r. So\u011fuk hava \u0131l\u0131k havadan a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu \u00e7ukurda kal\u0131r; \u0131l\u0131k hava ise kubbenin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda ve y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f uyku platformunun \u00e7evresinde toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Al\u00e7ak giri\u015f:<\/strong> Bloklar\u0131n kesildi\u011fi hendek giri\u015f olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece kap\u0131, y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f uyku platformundan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da kal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00fczg\u00e2ralt\u0131 kap\u0131:<\/strong> Deney iglolar\u0131nda kap\u0131lar r\u00fczg\u00e2r almayan tarafa a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve iglonun i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r kaydedilmedi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kapal\u0131 kubbe:<\/strong> Kar bloklar\u0131 hem yal\u0131t\u0131m hem r\u00fczg\u00e2r kalkan\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesini engeller.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kapat\u0131lan kap\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hava deli\u011fi:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda kap\u0131 bir kar blo\u011fuyla kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Tavandaki 8 cm \u00e7apl\u0131 delik, kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kar\u0131n kendi ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi i\u00e7eride bir miktar hava de\u011fi\u015fimi sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu d\u00fczen, iyi yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n yaln\u0131zca malzemeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Havan\u0131n nereden girip nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek, s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk katmanlar\u0131 do\u011fru y\u00f6netmek ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 en aza indirmek modern binalarda da enerji verimlili\u011finin temelidir. Binalarda \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hangi noktalardan ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/kis-hazirligi-isi-yalitimi\/\">evde \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131zda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anlatt\u0131k.<\/p>\n<h2>Bu bilgi binan\u0131zda ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130glonun dersi binalara do\u011frudan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r: Is\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7eride tutan \u015fey, hareketsiz hale getirilmi\u015f havad\u0131r. Modern yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131 havay\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fccrelerde ya da lifler aras\u0131nda tutar; teknik f\u00f6ylerdeki \u03bb de\u011ferleri kar i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalaman\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte biri oldu\u011fundan ayn\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok daha ince bir katmanla sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h3>Hava hapseden malzeme neden yal\u0131t\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<p>Durgun hava \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ok zay\u0131f iletir, ama serbest\u00e7e dola\u015fabildi\u011finde \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ak\u0131mlarla ta\u015f\u0131r. Yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri havay\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccrelerde ya da lifler aras\u0131nda hapsederek hareket etmesini engeller. Bir malzemenin \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ne kadar kolay ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/isi-iletim-katsayisi-nedir\/\">\u0131s\u0131 iletim katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/a> (\u03bb, W\/mK) ile ifade edilir; \u03bb d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta daha iyi yal\u0131t\u0131m elde edilir. Is\u0131l diren\u00e7, kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u03bb de\u011ferine b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle bulunur (R = d\/\u03bb).<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda modern yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131n\u0131n \u03bb de\u011feri, ortalama kar de\u011ferinin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte biri kadard\u0131r. R = d\/\u03bb form\u00fcl\u00fcne g\u00f6re bu, ayn\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l direncin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f kat ince bir katmanla elde edilmesi demektir. Kar\u0131n de\u011feri \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu oran yaln\u0131zca fikir verir.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Malzeme<\/th>\n<th>Is\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi \u03bb (W\/mK)<\/th>\n<th>Kaynak<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kuru hava (-15 \u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td>0,023<\/td>\n<td>Sturm ve ark., 1997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Buz<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,2<\/td>\n<td>Sturm ve ark., 1997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mevsimsel kar (488 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn ortalamas\u0131)<\/td>\n<td>Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,18<\/td>\n<td>Sturm ve ark., 1997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc mantolama levhas\u0131, MEGA SW F150<\/td>\n<td>\u22640,037 (\u03bbD)<\/td>\n<td>Mega teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gri EPS mantolama levhas\u0131, EPS 70 (G)<\/td>\n<td>0,031 (\u03bbD)<\/td>\n<td>Mega teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>XPS levha, MEGA XPS T3000<\/td>\n<td>0,035 (\u03bbD)<\/td>\n<td>Mega teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Mega \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011ferleri teknik f\u00f6ylerdeki 10 \u00b0C beyan de\u011ferleridir (\u03bbD). Kar i\u00e7in verilen de\u011fer do\u011fada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir ortalama oldu\u011fundan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yakla\u015f\u0131k bir fikir vermek i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n<p>Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m&#8217;\u0131n levhalar\u0131 bu ilkeyi farkl\u0131 yap\u0131larla uygular. <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/xps-duz\/\">XPS d\u00fcz levha<\/a> kapal\u0131 h\u00fccreli yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde suyu \u00e7ok az emer; Mega teknik f\u00f6y\u00fcne g\u00f6re tamamen suya dald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcreli su emmesi en fazla y\u00fczde 0,7&#8217;dir. Bu nedenle teras \u00e7at\u0131larda, toprak alt\u0131 perde duvarlarda ve toprakla temas eden temellerde, yani nemin ve y\u00fck\u00fcn y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yerlerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-1024x576.webp\" class=\"wp-image-4102 size-large\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Ambalajl\u0131 paketin \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00fcst \u00fcste duran mavi Mega XPS d\u00fcz levhalar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-2048x1152.webp 2048w, https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/iglo-yalitim-img1-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>XPS d\u00fcz levha kapal\u0131 h\u00fccreli yap\u0131s\u0131yla teras \u00e7at\u0131larda, temellerde ve toprak alt\u0131 perde duvarlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>D\u0131\u015f cephede iki se\u00e7enek \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/epsg-gri-mantolama-levhasi\/\">Gri EPS mantolama levhas\u0131<\/a> karbon (grafit) takviyeli genle\u015ftirilmi\u015f polistirenden \u00fcretilir; Mega teknik f\u00f6ylerine g\u00f6re \u03bbD de\u011feri tipine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 0,031 ile 0,036 W\/mK aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urunler\/mantolama-levhasi\/\">Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc mantolama levhas\u0131<\/a> ise ta\u015f lifleri aras\u0131nda hava tutan, s\u0131val\u0131 d\u0131\u015f cephe yal\u0131t\u0131m sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lan kaplamas\u0131z bir levhad\u0131r; MEGA SW F150 tipinde \u03bbD de\u011feri 0,037 W\/mK veya alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn grubunun tamam\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urun-kategori\/tasyunu\/\">ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc levhalar<\/a> sayfas\u0131nda bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Is\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temel kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 ve malzeme se\u00e7imini <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/isi-yalitimi-nedir\/\">\u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 nedir<\/a> rehberimizde bir araya getirdik. Vakum ve parlak y\u00fczeylerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bamba\u015fka bir yal\u0131t\u0131m \u00f6rne\u011fi i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/termos-nasil-calisir\/\">termos nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131za, insan\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r so\u011fu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/yalitimin-binlerce-yillik-seruveni\/\">yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n tarihi<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>MegaUsta&#8217;dan uygulama notu:<\/strong> \u0130glo ustalar\u0131 bloklar\u0131 dizdikten sonra aralar\u0131ndaki her bo\u015flu\u011fu karla doldurur. Yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 \u00f6zen gerekir: Levhalar\u0131 birbirine s\u0131k\u0131ca, derzleri kayd\u0131rarak yerle\u015ftirin. Levhalar aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k kalan bir aral\u0131k, en iyi malzemede bile \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zay\u0131f nokta olur.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Mega Insulation Solutions (Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m; ticari unvan\u0131 Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m \u00dcretim Pazarlama D\u0131\u015f Ticaret A.\u015e.), genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130stanbul Kavac\u0131k&#8217;ta, fabrikas\u0131 Elaz\u0131\u011f&#8217;da bulunan T\u00fcrk yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri \u00fcreticisidir. Ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc, XPS ve EPS \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m levhalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra MegaBlock, MegaLento, DesiWool, MegaTech yap\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131 ve Fullback su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Mega markas\u0131yla sunar.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0130glonun i\u00e7i ka\u00e7 derecedir?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130glonun i\u00e7i, \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 yanarken d\u0131\u015f havadan en az 20 \u00b0C, en iyi ko\u015fulda 45 \u00b0C&#8217;ye kadar daha s\u0131cak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kershaw ve ekibinin hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re -30 \u00b0C d\u0131\u015f havada, 3 m \u00e7apl\u0131 bir igloda iki yeti\u015fkin ve g\u00fcnde 2,3 kg fok ya\u011f\u0131 yakan bir kandil i\u00e7 havay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 \u00b0C&#8217;de tutar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz kullan\u0131lan iglolarda i\u00e7 havan\u0131n genellikle 0 \u00b0C&#8217;nin \u00fczerinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n<h3>Kar neden iyi bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<p>Kar, buz kristallerinin aras\u0131nda bol miktarda durgun hava tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in iyi bir yal\u0131tkand\u0131r. Sturm ve ekibinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re kuru havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi -15 \u00b0C&#8217;de 0,023 W\/mK, buzunki yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,2 W\/mK&#8217;dir; mevsimsel kar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin ortalamas\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,18 W\/mK&#8217;dir. Bu de\u011fer kar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funa, kristal yap\u0131s\u0131na ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. \u0130glo duvar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 keserek \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130glo neden erimez?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130glonun duvar\u0131, i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc \u0131s\u0131nsa da b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle erimez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fc dondurucu havayla s\u00fcrekli so\u011fur ve i\u00e7eriden gelen \u0131s\u0131 kar\u0131n i\u00e7inden yava\u015f\u00e7a d\u0131\u015far\u0131 akar. Nefes, pi\u015firme ve kandilden \u00e7\u0131kan nem i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyde do\u011frudan buza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek ince bir buz tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Kershaw ve ekibinin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir uyar\u0131ya g\u00f6re bloklar gere\u011finden kal\u0131n kesilirse i\u00e7erisi fazla \u0131s\u0131nabilir ve erime ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Kaynaklar<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journalhosting.ucalgary.ca\/index.php\/arctic\/article\/view\/64263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G. P. Kershaw, P. A. Scott, H. E. Welch (1996): The Shelter Characteristics of Traditional-Styled Inuit Snow Houses, Arctic, cilt 49, say\u0131 4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-glaciology\/article\/thermal-conductivity-of-seasonal-snow\/7888DCB1F06AFFC755B6D4D567833925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M. Sturm, J. Holmgren, M. K\u00f6nig, K. Morris (1997): The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow, Journal of Glaciology, cilt 43, say\u0131 143<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journalhosting.ucalgary.ca\/index.php\/arctic\/article\/view\/66760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R. W. Elsner, W. O. Pruitt (1959): Some Structural and Thermal Characteristics of Snow Shelters, Arctic, cilt 12, say\u0131 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-xps-t3000-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: MEGA XPS T3000 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-eps-50-60-70-g-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: EPS 50 \/ 60 \/ 70 (G) gri mantolama levhas\u0131 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/mega-tds\/mega-sw-f150-mantolama-levhasi-tds.pdf\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: MEGA SW F150 ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc mantolama levhas\u0131 teknik f\u00f6y\u00fc (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/dokumanlar\/\">Mega Yal\u0131t\u0131m: \u00dcr\u00fcn belgeleri (Dok\u00fcmanlar)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Binan\u0131z\u0131n temeli, cephesi ya da \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in hangi yal\u0131t\u0131m levhas\u0131n\u0131n uygun oldu\u011funu <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urun-kategori\/xps\/\">XPS<\/a> And <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/urun-kategori\/eps\/\">EPS<\/a> \u00fcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131m\u0131zda inceleyebilir, projenize g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/iletisim\/\">teknik ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130glo nedir, nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r, i\u00e7i ka\u00e7 derece olur? Bilimsel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle kar\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ayn\u0131 ilkenin XPS, EPS ve ta\u015fy\u00fcn\u00fc levhalardaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[147,145,387,238,101,146,388],"class_list":["post-3325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yapilarin-yalitim-sanati","tag-dogal-yalitim","tag-iglo","tag-iglo-nedir","tag-isi-iletim-katsayisi","tag-isi-yalitimi","tag-kar-evi","tag-kar-yalitkan-midir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3325"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4103,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3325\/revisions\/4103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/megainsulation.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}